High-resistance low-noise preamplifier at 144MHz S53WW

Robert S53WW je skvelý konštruktér zariadení na vkv. Na jeho stránkach nájdete napríklad aj popis sústavy antén na 2m vhodnej do contestov a kvalitného transvertoru Javornik 144/14MHz. Poprosil som ho o súhlas na preklad a publikovanie týchto článkov. Robi mi ho obratom zaslal, za čo mu patrí veľké ďakujem. Postupne Vám ich všetky prinesieme na www.CQ.sk . Ak sa Vám ale nechce čakať, navštívte jeho stránky http://lea.Ham radio.si/~s53ww/.

Introduction

Po dôkladnej analýze rôznych predzosilňovačov pre môj nový 144/14 MHz transvertor I ended up staying with the Infeon BF998 MOS-FET. I had a very good experience with the old BF-981, so I started testing the BF998. This transistor is cheap, easily available and has very good characteristics. I didn't use GaAs FETs because they are hard to come by and expensive, and the differences are minimal.

It was clear from the analysis of the transverter that it determines the final resistance of the entire assembly preamplifier (if you use a +17dBm mixer with a +20dBm oscillator signal and behind it an amplifier with IP3 out > 36dBm and neglect KV resistance TCVR)! OK, komerčné KV prijímače by nemali mať odolnosť zlú (IP3 in < +15dBm až +25dBm, AOR-7030 až +30dBm). V tomto prípade má byť IP3 out minimálne na tejto úrovni (+30dBm). Šum KV prijímačov sa pohybuje na úrovni 16dB, v lepšom prípade okolo 13dB.

If we estimate the loss in the ANT-XVRT coaxial cable to be about 0.5dB and require a resulting noise figure of around 2.2dB, we find that the XVRT gain must be at least 24dB (with a noise figure of 1dB). It follows that IP3 in must be more than +6dBm (=30dBm-24dB). It is not easy to meet this requirement precisely because of the preamplifier.

Low-noise preamplifier with parallel combination n times BF998

An attempt to fit the original preamplifier with a new BF998 did not bring significant improvement. He made a profit 26,5 dB, šumové číslo 0,8 dB, P1dB 17 dBm a IP3 in 0 dBm. Nie sú to zlé hodnoty, ale mohli byť aj lepšie.

Na prvom obrázku je bežné zapojenie predzosilňovača s dvojbázovým MOSFET s ohľadom na maximálny zisk. Idss sa nastavuje na minimálnu úroveň šumu (Idss je udávaný v rozsahu 2 až 18mA – zvyčajne býva medzi 10 až 15mA). Vstupná cievka L1 je vinutá na priemere 5mm 1,0mm AgCu drôtom; má 6 závitov s dĺžkou vinutia 11mm. Mala by byť umiestnená minimálne 2mm nad zemou a prinajmenšom 10 mm od kovových častí krabičky. Kapacitné trimre musia byť kvalitné. Diódy (Infineon BAR63-04 nebo BAR64-04 nebo BAR14-1) slúžia na ochranu MOSFET. Nemajú takmer žiadny vplyv na šumové číslo ani odolnosť, ich požitie v reálnych podmienkach je žiadúce. Najkritickejšou časťou je transformátor TR1: should be wound on a two-hole core of size A7 made of U17 material (Epcos, formerly Siemens&Matshushita). Materials from other manufacturers may be used with respect to gain degradation and P1dB. We wind two turns trifilarly - it is always better than an autotransformer with 6 turns (=2×3) of the primary winding and a branch on the second turn from the cold end (in practice, 4 turns are wound first, a branch is created by twisting the wires, and 2 more turns are wound). The TR1 leads must be shortened to 5mm and routed near the ground on the printed circuit board, otherwise oscillations at high frequencies may occur.

Pri experimentovaní som našiel zaujímavé zapojenie FET (používané v NF zosilňovačoch), kde paralelne spojené dva identické FET-y majú nižší šum ako jeden! Takže ak vyberiete ďalšiu BF998 (musí mať rovnaký Idss, nutné vybrať), môžete sa dostať až na hodnotu 0,6dB NF, zisku 26,5dB and the same or worse (!?) IP3 in. The problem with IP3 can be solved by adapting the output more appropriately - instead of a transformer with a ratio of 3:1, we will use a 2:1. In this way, we achieve +28.5dBm of IP3 power (P1dB is +19dBm). The general turn-on of the LNA n times BF998 is in the next picture (the achieved values ​​are listed in the table).

Of course, I also tried four BF998s (who wouldn't) - the noise figure is reduced to 0,5dB, zisk ostáva 26,5dB (pri nastavení na minimálne šumové číslo) a IP3 out je +34dBm. Na dosihnutie tejto hodnoty IP3 je nutné zmeniť pomer TR1 na 1,3:1. Odbočka L1 je v strede vinutia (na treťom závite). Pri prvom pokuse zosilňovač zakmitával nad 3,5GHz, čo ale nevplývalo na 2m. Vyskúšal som umiestniť po dvojici tranzistorov na každú stranu plošného spoja prepojených krátkymi drôtikmi a oddelenými obvodmi predpätia G2 (rozmiestnenie súčiastok a blokovacieho kondenzátora je kritické). Po tejto úprave kmitanie zmizlo, ale rád by som poznamenal, že všetky zapojenia sú iba za určitých podmienok stabilné. Rozmiestnenie súčiastok je kritické, najmä sa to týka blokovacieho kondenzátora 1nF.

Circuit diagram of preamplifier n times BF998 (similar to single BF998). The values ​​of the variable components can be found in the table. The adjustment of input and output is also different (see text). The material of the transformer is the same as in the previous case, when using several BF998 I recommend A4 size. We can tune the preamplifiers without measuring technology with a small trick to the minimum noise figure: we tune them to the maximum gain at 136 MHz (the noise figure hardly changes in a wide range).

You can download the circuit diagram here ftp://lea.Ham radio.si/pub/vhfct/lnaa2.zip.

Push-pull LNA with BF998

The push-pull amplifier is comparable in gain to a two-stage simple amplifier, and the IP3 is about 3dB better than the parallel design. So I tried to connect a pair of BF998 in push-pull. The first results were excellent: IP3 was +6 dBm (P1dB +23 dBm), but the noise figure was at least 1.3dB! After changing the input circuit, I achieved the noise figure 0,9-1,0dB, IP3 out 32,5dBm pri zisku 26,5dB (nastavenie na minimálne šumové číslo). Výsledné zapojenie je spojením dvoch jednostupňových zosilovačov podľa prvého obrázka.

Push-pull connection of two BF998. The input coil L1 is wound on a diameter of 11 mm with a wire of 1.0 mm AgCu; it has 4 turns and the winding length is 7mm. The coupling coil has 1 turn on the same diameter as L1 enameled Cu wire so that it cannot short out L1. Transformers TR1 and TR2 are on the same material as a simple LNA (size A7, material U17, Epcos). The output transformer TR2 has two bifilar windings.

Then I tried the push-pull connection of four BF998. The intention was to get IP3 in around +9dBm with a noise figure of about 0.8dB. Even though I achieved IP3 in as expected, it was not in my power to achieve the desired noise figure. This was still higher than 1.3dB, which I found inappropriate for the XVRT. However, this value may be suitable for other purposes, it still requires experimentation.

Notice:
These preamplifiers are not suitable for direct connection in front of the receiver or transverter because they have a very high gain. Their effective use (although I do not recommend using preamplifiers) is possible with an attenuation element at their output, which will reduce the gain. In most cases 6-10dB of gain is sufficient for a preamplifier if it really has to be used. With a -20dB attenuation element, the overall noise figure deteriorates from 0.5/0.6/0.8dB to 1.3/1.4/1.5dB. With a -16dB attenuation element, the overall noise figure deteriorates from 0.5/0.6/0.8dB to 0.8/0.9/1.1dB. So I recommend you to use a -16dB attenuator after the preamplifier (the values ​​of the pi-cell are 68 ohms to ground and 150 ohms between them).

For high quality VHF and higher preamps, check out Dragan's YU1AW site: www.QSL.net/yu1aw/low_noise.htm.

By September 2002, I had built six preamplifiers with a noise figure of 0.5-0.6dB (BF998 Philips, labeled Mop) and three with a noise figure of 0.8-0.9dB (BF998 Infeon, labeled Mos). The bad news is that Epcos has stopped distributing U17 material and it is very hard to get U17/A4 dual hole cores. Their replacement is not yet known, but cores of a similar size made of material with a permeability between 20-30 are usable...

After measuring nine preamplifiers, I recommend a simple way to adjust the LNA 4xBF998 to minimum noise: tune the trimmer C to maximálny zisk, potom zvyšujte jeho kapacitu, kým zisk nepoklesne o 1dB! Naladenie nie je kritické, vstupný obvod je širokopásmový pri nastavovaní minimálneho NF (asi 10 MHz).

Robi, S53WW
http://lea.Ham radio.si/~s53ww/
Translated and adapted with the permission of the author Viliam, OM3-0122