Amateur radio frequencies are specific bands in the electromagnetic spectrum that are internationally allocated for non-commercial use by radio amateurs. These frequencies allow enthusiasts to communicate, experiment and develop their technical skills in the field of radio communication. Radio amateur activity is regulated by national telecommunications authorities in accordance with the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
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Frequency bands and their use
Radio amateurs are assigned frequencies in different parts of the spectrum, from long wave (LF) to millimeter wave (EHF). Each band has its own specifics and is suitable for different types of communication:
- Low-frequency and medium-frequency bands (LF and MF) (135 kHz - 1.8 MHz)
These bands are characterized by a long range, especially at night. Known bands include 160 m (1.8–2.0 MHz), used for night communications and experiments. - High frequency bands (HF or KV) (3-30 MHz)
HF bands are popular for international communications because the ionosphere allows the signal to be reflected over long distances. These include, for example, the 80 m (3.5–3.8 MHz), 40 m (7.0–7.2 MHz), 20 m (14.0–14.35 MHz) and 10 m (28.0–29.7 MHz) bands, which offer different propagation conditions. - VHF and UHF bands (VHF ) (30 MHz - 3 GHz)
These bands include 2 m (144–146 MHz) and 70 cm (430–440 MHz), which are popular for local communications and links through repeaters. In the 1.2 GHz band and above, digital transmissions and connections via satellites are implemented. - Microwave and millimeter bands (3 GHz and above)
They are used for experimental links, satellite communications and wave propagation research.
Use and regulations
Amateur radio frequencies are used for voice communication (SSB, FM), digital modes (FT8, RTTY, PSK31) and telegraphy (CW). Licensed radio amateurs must comply with regulations on power limits and permitted bands, with frequencies being strictly regulated.
Rádioamatérske frekvencie zohrávajú dôležitú úlohu v núdzovej komunikácii, vedeckom výskume a technologických inováciách.
KV radio amateur frequencies
Shortwave (HF) radio amateur frequencies offer the possibility to listen to connections from all over the world thanks to signal reflections from the ionosphere. To receive these frequencies, you need a shortwave receiver with a range from 1.8 to 30 MHz and a suitable antenna, for example a wire dipole or active loop antenna.
The best times to listen depend on the diurnal cycle – lower bands are more active at night (160m, 80m, 40m), higher bands during the day (20m, 15m, 10m). Also interesting are digital modes such as FT8 or RTTY, which can be decoded using software such as WSJT-X.
For better reception, it is recommended to listen outside of urban noise and use filter circuits. Frequencies and propagation conditions change, so it's a good idea to keep an eye on propagation reports.
VHF radio amateur frequencies
High-frequency (VHF) amateur radio bands offer a wide range of options for both listeners and radio amateurs. The most used bands include 2 m (144–146 MHz) and 70 cm (430–440 MHz), which are used for local communications, repeater links and satellite operations.
You can use a scanner to receive VHF signals, SDR receiver (Software Defined Radio) or a common radio amateur transceiver. The best reception is achieved with an external antenna, for example a vertical or yagi antenna.
For listening, it is advisable to know the frequencies of local repeaters, which allow a better signal even at long distances. You can find information about active frequencies in radio amateur databases or on the website of local radio amateur clubs.
Watching VHF bands is a great way to get familiar with ham radio operation and learn more about radio wave propagation.
